Patient Autonomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Patient Autonomy - Essay Example It is not mere desiring but evaluation and weighing of alternatives by a person and selection based on her priorities. There are many ways we can discuss patient's autonomy. Discussion on medical confidentially usually focus on tension between physician's responsibility to keep patients secret and a physician 's legal and moral duty, on occasion, to reveal such confidences to their parties, such as families, employer, public health authorities, or police authorities. Confidentially serves as dual purpose. Firstly, it acknowledges respect of patient's privacy. Patient's most personal physical and psychological secrets are kept confidential to decrease sense of shame and vulnerability. Secondly, it is important in improving healthcare. Promise of confidentially permits people to trust and thus patient are encouraged to communicate honestly and forth rightly with their doctors, which is most important for their treatment. According to Siegler (597) challenges to confidentially arise because of patient's personal interest in maintaing confidentially come into conflict with his personal interest in receiving best health care. Modern high technology health care is available principally in hospitals which require many trained and socialized workers. And thus in order to provide best health care patient's medical records need to reveal to these workers. Again these treatments are very costly and can be afforded by few patients only. So it becomes essential to grant access to patients medical records to persons who are responsible for obtaining third party payment like chart viewers, financial officers, insurances advisor and quality care assessors. Siegler suggests some possible solutions to confidentiality. Those are: 1. In all nonbureaucratic, noninstitutional counters care should be taken to guaranty safety and confidentiality of patient's records. 2. Access to patient's records should be provided to only "need to know" persons. At some point most of patients should be given opportunity to review their medical records and make choices about which records to make available to everyone. This can be done by dividing entire records in different sections like medical and financial section. So only health professionals have access to medical information. But again keeping all records different leads to complexity in analyzing patient's problems. Thus Author want to tell that principle of medical confidentiality described in medical codes of ethics no longer exists. And by devoting attention to determine aspects of confidentiality worth retaining, public and profession can be better served. Truth- telling Should patients know the truth Is a very difficulty question that confront physician. According to Collins (605) telling the whole truth is often to perpetrate a cruelty of which many are incapable. This is particularly true of physician and if not they soon learns that art of medicine consist largely in skillfully mixing falsehood, and truth in order to provide patient with an amalgam which will make the metal of life wear and keep men from being poor shrunken things, full of melancholy and indisposition, unpleasing to themselves and to those who love them. Based on experiences Collins (609) conclude that the patients do not want to know the truth about their maladies and that it is prejudicial to their well being to know it. No one can

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy - Essay Example President Truman requested the Congress to assist the Greek Government to wipe out communism. It was argued that if Turkey would be provided with both economic and military assistance, the US would be able to contain the spread of communism. The Republicans supported the policy, which later controlled the Congress and promised to send $400 million in aid to the Greek government. However, no military forces were to be taken to Greece. The effect was to terminate the Communist threat in Greece. In 1952, both Turkey and Greece joined NATO, an armed alliance that assured their protection. Following this action, the Doctrine was informally expanded to become the foundation of the American Cold War policy around the world and throughout Europe. It shifted the U.S foreign plan towards the Soviet Union from a relaxation of tension to the containment policy of Soviet expansion. The effects of the Truman Doctrine for the U.S and other nations The Long-term policy Truman’s doctrine stren gthened American Cold War policy all over the world, and more specifically, in Europe. It lasted because it looked into a broader cultural uncertainty concerning contemporary life in a globalized world. Truman Doctrine and its policies dealt with the concern of Washington over communism’s domino impact. It also facilitated a media-sensitive representation of a policy that won bipartisan support and it rallied US economic power to stabilize and modernize unstable areas without direct military involvement. In addition, it brought about modernization programs and state-building activities to the forefront of international policy (Cox, 1990). The diplomatic effort became a metaphor for tragedy aid to keep a country from the influence of communism. Truman applied the... This essay describes the policy of the United States towards the Soviet Union during the Cold War focusing on Truman Doctrine. It also seeks to articulate the advantages and disadvantages of this doctrine. The Truman Doctrine originated from President Truman’s speech before a joint meeting of Congress on March 1947. The instant cause for the speech was a prior announcement by Britain that it would not provide economic and military support to the Greek Government in its civil war with the Greek Communist party. President Truman requested the Congress to assist the Greek Government to wipe out communism. It was argued that if Turkey would be provided with both economic and military assistance, the US would be able to contain the spread of communism. The study concludes that the Truman Doctrine was generally a reaction to political issues in Greece, but later had an impact in Europe and the entire world. It was a demonstration of foreign policy as an outcome of the fears and insecurities of Soviet power filling the gap in Europe. The Doctrine had several major consequences. For instance, Turkey and Greece were given financial support and they did not give way to the further spread of communism. Further, the U.S became committed to internationalism with the containment policy, rather than the former isolationism. In addition, it increased tension between the USSR and USA, which formalized the Cold War since America took direct action against communism.